长江流域的坡耕地治理

Hillside field improvement of Yangtze valley

长期以来，由于人口增长和土地资源的不合理利用，长江中上游山丘地区的坡耕地多达１ ０６６ ．７万ｈｍ２ ，成为流域水土流失的主要地类和侵蚀泥沙的重要来源。长江中上游水土保持工程坚持将坡耕地作为治理重点，采取的主要措施有：① 以改造坡耕地、兴修水平梯田、配套小型水利设施为突破口，提高作物产量，满足治理区的粮食需求，为陡坡耕地退耕创造条件；② 对一时不能改为梯田而又无法退耕的坡耕地因地制宜地采取各种保土耕作措施，减少土壤侵蚀；③ 对陡坡耕地实行退耕，还林还草，发展林果业和畜牧业，发展当地经济。实践表明上述措施是成功有效的。

For a long time,due to population growth and irrational utilization of land resources,the hillside field in mountainous regions of middle and upper reaches of Yangtze has reached 10.67 million hm\+2,becoming the main soil-water loss land category and sources of erosion soil in the valley.For the soil-water conservation works of middle and upper reaches of Yangtze,main attention should be persistently paid to the harnessment of hillside field and the following major countermeasures should be taken:① taking improvement of hillside field, construction of level terraces and completion of small scale water conservancy facilities as breakthrough point,increasing output of crops to meet food requirement in the project area to create favorable conditions for stopping farming on steep land,② for the hillside field unable to stop farming and construct level terrace temporarily,various soil-conservation cultivation measures should be taken in accordance with the place to alleviate soil errosion,③ stopping farming on steep slope to plant trees and grasses,developing forestry-fruit production and livestock husbandry to promote local economy.The practice shows the above mentioned measures are successful and effective.