城市效率及其溢出效应——以东北三省34个地级市为例

URBAN EFFICIENCY AND ITS SPILLOVER EFFECTS——BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF 34 CITIES IN NORTHEAST CHINA

选取土地、资本、劳动、技术和信息等5种投入量作为输入指标,选取城市经济总量(GDP)、城市投入收益(地方财政收入)2项输出指标,构建指标体系;对东北三省34个地级市的城市效率及空间溢出效应进行分析。发现,东北三省34个地级市的城市效率存在差异,从技术效率看,东北三省的城市技术效率较低,其中较低和无技术效率的城市达到了27个,占城市总数的79.4%;从纯技术效率看,纯技术效率高和纯技术效率中等的城市达到29个占城市数的85.3%。从规模效率方面看,最有规模和短期易改善的城市只有5个,占城市总数的14.7%。规模报酬递增的城市有13个;规模报酬递减的城市为15个,因此,城市效率有待提高。研究发现,城市效率不仅存在空间溢出效应,而且存在较强的空间依赖作用;表明了一个城市其城市效率在提高的过程中,也带动了周边其他城市的效率提高。文章讨论了主要结果赋予的政策含义。

The paper,selects five input indicators——land,capital,labor,technology and information,and two output indicators—GDP and Local fiscal revenue,builds index system,and analyzes urban efficiency and its determinants,and spatial spillover effects of 34 cities in Northeast China.One key result shows that urban efficiency in Northeast China is disparities.From perspective of technical efficiency,the urban technical efficiency is low,27 cities are low technical efficiency or non-technical efficiency,accounting for 79.4% of the total cities.From the pure technical efficiency,29 cities are higher or medium,accounting for 85.3%.From the scale efficiency perspective,only 5 cities are the best scale or the scale can improve in short-term,accounting for 14.7% of the total cities.There are 13 cities are scale reward increasing,and 15 cities are scale diminishing returns,so urban efficiency need to be improved.Another important finding is that the urban efficiency not only exist spatial spillover effects,but there is a strong spatial dependence among the cities.Which shows that in the process of a city improve its efficiency,it can also led to the increase of other urban efficiency.The key findings of the paper have important policy implications.