基于交通视角的新疆城市等级体系演变研究

ANALYSIS OF EVOLVEMENT OF HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM OF CITIES IN XINJIANG BASED ON TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT VISION

通过主成分分析、集中度系数、非均衡系数以及改进的重力模型对新疆各城市的交通运输综合水平、复合流量的集中程度和基于复合流量的城市引力及引力节点分析,得出结论:①1985—2005年新疆城市交通运输综合水平变化明显,国道和北疆铁路沿线城市发展水平较高,发展水平较低的城市主要集中在南疆,且比较分散;②集中度系数波动明显,乌鲁木齐、克拉玛依、昌吉、阿克苏等城市对新疆客货流影响较大,而区域非均衡系数较低,呈现明显缩减的趋势;③受绿洲城镇发育程度和自然地理条件影响,各等级节点数量变化不大。乌鲁木齐、克拉玛依、昌吉、石河子在不同年份对新疆各城市的影响较为明显,节点等级较高。④基于交通视角的城市体系呈现出交通运输中心区域不断强化,二级节点城市变化明显,经过20年的演变,基本形成了以乌鲁木齐都市圈为核心,以石河子为次级中心,以喀什和米泉为三级中心,以克拉玛依、伊宁、乌苏、库尔勒为重要节点的城市体系。

This paper investigates the transportation development level,concentration extent of complex flux and the node distribution and the main gravitation linkages of Xinjiang cities based on principal component analysis,coefficient of concentration ratio,nonequilibrium coefficient and improved gravity model.The results showed that：①the level variation of the urban transportation development is significant during 1985 to 2005.The cities which located beside national road and along the railway in North Xinjiang are relatively development in high level and the reciprocal cites are concentrated in south Xinjiang but disperse.②The concentration ratio substantial fluctuated during this period,the cities of Urumqi,Karamay,Changji,Aksu has impacted freight transport significantly,region nonequilibrium coefficient is lower and in the obviously trend of depletion,the change in value is not large about nodes,which have been impacted by the developed degree of oasis cities and the physiographic conditions.③The cities of Urumqi,Keramy,Changji and Shihezi have significantly impacted other cities in Xinjiang in different years.④The center region of traffic transportation is reinforcement gradual evolving space structure of town based on traffic angle.The change of the secondary node city is obvious,the role of Keramay city is gradual fade in the transportation system in Xinjiang,but Shihezi city is prominence in role of north Tianshan Mountains economy belt.During the evolve in 20 years,Urumqi city has become the cities center,Shihezi city is the secondary center,Kashigar and Miquan cities are the third center,Karamay,Yining,Wusu and Kuerle cities are important nodes cities system.