土壤重金属污染评价方法

Evaluation methods for soil heavy metals contamination:A review

土壤中的重金属长期停留和积累在环境中,对生态环境和人体健康存在诸多现实和潜在风险,受到越来越多的关注。因此,评价土壤中的重金属污染程度对于环境和健康问题有着重要意义。评价土壤中重金属的污染程度需选用一种或几种正确的评价方式。本文综述了目前国内外常用于土壤中重金属评价的指数法、模型指数法和基于重金属形态分析、有效态含量和总量、人体健康风险以及GIS和地统计学的评价方法。其中,指数法主要包括内梅罗指数法、富集因子法、地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法;模型指数法则主要包括模糊数学模型、灰色聚类模型及层次分析法等。文章对各种评价方法进行了综述,并指出使用各种方法的优越性、局限性。

Due to the long-term residence and accumulation in environment,soil heavy metals had many realistic and potential risks to the ecological environment and human health,being come under more and more attentions.To evaluate the soil heavy metals contamination degree is of significance to the environmental and human health issues,which needs a kind of or several kinds of correct evaluation methods.This paper summarized several related evaluation methods commonly adopted at home and abroad,including index method,model index method,speciation analysis-based method,quantitative analysis of available and total heavy metals contents,human health risk assessment method,and GIS and geostatistics-based method.The index method mainly includes Nemerow index method,enrichment factor method,geo-accumulation index method,and potential ecological hazard index method;and the model index method mainly includes fuzzy mathematics model,grey clustering model,and analytic hierarchy process,etc.The advantages,disadvantages,and limitations of the related methods were also discussed.