2005-2009广元市年食源性疾病危险因素监测结果分析

Analysis on Results of Risk Factor Monitoring for Foodborne Diseases in Guangyuan,2005-2009

目的了解和掌握广元市食品污染状况和危险因数;了解和掌握广元市食品中致病菌血清型分布、耐药状况;为预防和控制食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法对全市食源性疾病相关样品依据流行病学调查进行理化或微生物相关项目检测,市售主要食品进行理化污染物及致病菌检测,溯源追踪可疑食品。现场或问卷调查危险因素。结果 2005~2009年共检测各类样品1 003份,监测散发和暴发食源性疾病49起,其中细菌性20起,化学性6起,蕈类及植物性8起,原因不明15起。共检出致病菌89株,其中沙门菌37株,志贺菌51株,致泻大肠埃希菌1株。市内主要皮蛋加工厂生产环境良好,生产工艺为新工艺。本地蛋鸭养殖户养殖过程安全有序。居民食用皮蛋卫生习惯良好。结论广元市食源性疾病主要发生在夏秋季,场所主要为学校食堂、家庭聚餐、农村坝坝宴。致病原因,细菌性41%,化学性12%,原因不明31%,其他16%。食物存在不同程度的致病菌污染,尤以熟肉卤制品、皮蛋、不洁水源为重。细菌主要血清型为肠炎沙门菌,宋内志贺菌,并且对12种抗生素出现不同程度的耐药。

Objective To understand the circumstance of food contamination and risk factors,the distribution of pathogenic bacteria serum type and the condition of drug-resistance,provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of foodborne diseases.Methods The physical and chemical pollutants and pathogenic bacteria of food-roune diseases related samples and main sold food were tested by national standard methods,with tracking suspicious food and investigating the risk factor through present questionnaires.Results Totally 1 003 samples were tested during 2005-2009,49 diffused and outbreaking food-roune diseases（20 were bacterial,6 were chemical,8 were fungus and vegetalitas,15 were uncertain of the cause） were monitored,and 89 pathogenic bacteria strains were detected（37 were Salmonella,51 were Shigella,1 was diarrheogenic Escherichia coli）.The processing environment of preserved eggs in Guangyuan city is good,with new technology for production.The procedure of local duck egg breeding was safe and in order.The citizen＇s hygienic habit of eating preserved eggs was good.Conclusions The foodborne diseases mainly happen in Summer and Autumn,and mainly occurred in school canteens,family dinners and village parties.Among the causes of the foodborn diseases,41% were bacterial,12% were chemical,31% were uncertain of the cause and others were 16%.Varying degrees of pathogenic bacterial contamination existed in food,and severe in brai-sed products,preserved eggs and unclean source of water.The main serum type of bacteria were Salmonella enteritidis and Shigella,with showing different degrees of drug-resistance to 12 kinds of antibiotics.