有机高分子缓蚀剂的性能研究及发展趋势

Performance research & development trend of the organic polymer corrosion inhibiters

有机高分子缓蚀剂一般含有活性基团羟基、羧基等,经过接枝引进对金属有更强的亲合能力的基团(如O、N、S、P极性基团)使缓蚀剂分子有一定的溶解度,能牢固的吸附在金属表面,形成薄膜,在金属表面产生吸附和沉积作用,从而起到缓蚀的作用。高分子本身结构中的碳链在金属表面形成一层疏水膜,阻止腐蚀离子接近金属表面,起到保护作用。相对于低分子缓蚀剂,聚合物缓蚀剂易在底物表面形成单层或多层致密的保护膜,具有高效、持久、环保等优点,已成为当前的研究热点之一。文中对缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理和高分子缓蚀剂的类型及发展作了综述。

Polymer corrosion inhibitors contained active group hydroxide radical and carboxyl, and it was possessed solubility by means of affine group （O,N,S,P） to be adsorbed on the metal surface to form membrane, and formed adsorption and deposition on the metal surface, thereby played a role of corrosion inhibition. The carbonchain formed a layer of hydrophobic membrane on the metal surface, formed sheltering effect by preventing rusty ion closed to the metal surface. It was possessed the highly active,duration and environmental protection because of the monolayer or multilayer compact protecting films formed on the surface of the substrate versus to the low molecular corrosion inhibitor. It was summarized the mechanism of the polymer corrosion inhibitors and the preparations of free from contamination polymer corrosion inhibitors as well as development tendency in this article.