土壤水分状况对温室滴灌番茄水分利用效率及果实品质的影响

Response of Tomato Yield,Quality,and Water Use Efficiency to Soil Water Status under Drip Irrigation in Greenhouse

在日光温室滴灌条件下,通过小区试验研究了不同生育阶段不同土壤水分状况对番茄产量、水分利用效率（WUE）及果实品质的影响。结果表明,番茄产量对土壤水分具有一阈值反应,只要土壤水分不低于田间持水率的60%,适度控制土壤水分对番茄产量影响较小,并有利于水分利用效率的提高;不同采摘时期的番茄果实可溶性固形物（SSC）和维生素c（Vc）含量与其形成关键期土壤水分状况密切相关,二者均随土壤水分控制下限的升高而降低;不论开花坐果期还是成熟采摘期,水分亏缺均可明显提高果实SSC及Vc含量,且随着水分亏缺程度的增大而增大,在番茄成熟采摘期水分亏缺更为明显。综合考虑番茄产量、水分利用效率及果实营养品质（SSC和Vc含量）,当开花坐果期和成熟采摘期土壤水分控制下限均为田间持水率的60%-70%时,可达到高产、优质、节水的目的。

A drip irrigation experiment was conducted in greenhouse to study the effect of different soil water status at various stages on tomato yield,water use efficiency（WUE） and fruit quality.The result showed that tomato yield had a response of threshold value to soil moisture,and as long as the lower limit of soil moisture was not less than 60%,tomato yield decreased unobviously and WUE increased.Furthermore,there was a close relationship between soluble solid content（SSC）,vitamin c（Vc） and soil water moisture,and the content of SSC and Vc decreased with the increasing of soil water content.Water deficit at fruit set stage and at maturity stage could increase the content of SSC and Vc,and the more water stress,the higher its content,especially its content raised more obvious at maturity stage.Considering tomato yield,WUE and fruit nutritional quality（SSC and Vc content）,soil water content maintained at 60%~70% during fruit set stage and maturity stage could save water and increase yield and fruit quality.