1254例口腔颌面部创伤伤员临床特点分析

Analysis of clinical characteristics of 1254 cases with oral cavity and maxillofacial trauma wounds

[目的]分析口腔颌面部创伤伤员的临床特点,为临床护士急诊预检分诊提供依据。[方法]对1 254例口腔颌面部创伤伤员的病案数据进行统计,分析不同年龄、性别和地区伤员的损伤类型、致伤原因及部位构成的异同。[结果]1 254例口腔颌面部伤员中,男女比例为4.6∶1;年龄特点：挫裂伤6岁以下占63.3%,骨折多发生于12岁~60岁的人群;致伤原因：交通伤占58.0%,跌落/摔伤占17.3%,斗殴占14.2%;损伤类型：骨折占64.8%,挫裂伤占25.7%,贯通伤占4.0%;致伤部位：下颌占22.2%,多部位占19.9%,颧部占15.8%;[结论]护理人员应根据损伤类型进行合理的预检分诊,同时加强安全教育,降低口腔颌面部创伤发生率。

Objective： To analyze clinical characteristics of oral cavity and maxillofacial trauma patients so as to provide some bases for previewing and triage of clinical nurses in emergency.Methods： Data of medical records of 1 254 oral cavity and maxillofacial trauma were collected.Differences and identities of all cases in different ages,gender,areas,injury types of woun-ded,causes of injury,and location structure were analyzed.Results： Among all 1 254 cases of oral cavity and maxillofacial trauma,the male to female ratio is 4.6∶1.Age characteristics showed that 63.3% of contusion were under 6 years old and fracture occured mostly between the age of 12 to 60 years old.Causes of injury showed that traffic injury accounted for 58.0%,drop/fall-down accounted for 17.3%,and fights accounted for 14.2%.Injury types showed 64.8% was fractures,contusion was 25.7% and transfixion was 4.0%.Location of injuries included mandible 22.2%,multiple areas 19.9%,and pars zygomatica for 15.8%.Conclusion：Nursing staff should conduct previe-wing and triage according to the type of injury of patients reasonably.Mean-while,safety education of patients should be strengthened so as to decrease the incidence of oral cavity and maxillofacial trauma.