中国“过度教育”现象及其治理对策

"Over education" phenomenon in China and its countermeasures

中国"过度教育"现象越来越引起人们的关注。从高校的招生人数、区域分布以及教育模式来看,中国"过度教育"现象具有长期性、局部性和结构性的特点。"过度教育"现象形成的主要原因在于大学毕业生的供给超过了现代经济部门的有限职业需求;高校教育模式单一导致毕业生就业能力缺失;"惟学历论"的职业筛选标准助长了"知识失业"。治理"过度教育"现象必须实现职业教育和高等教育并举,坚持市场对专业设置的引导,建立长期稳定的人才供应渠道,适当调整毕业生的就业观念。

＂Over education＂ phenomenon has been extensively studied recently. Viewed from the aspect of enrolment, regional distribution and educational model, China＇s ＂over-education＂ is characterized by long-term feature, locality and structural feature. The main causes for ＂over education＂ phenomenon lie in： the supply of graduates exceeds the limited demand; education mode of colleges and universities deprives students of employability; the occupational screening standard emphasizing on educational history has fostered education unemployment. This paper then proposes some countermeasures to ＂over education＂： to stress importance of vocational education as well as higher education; to set up majors guided by the market demand; to establish long-term stable supply of talents.