喉返神经分支与变异的临床解剖研究

The Clinical Anatomy and Variation Study in Branch of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

目的为喉返神经相关手术区中喉返神经分支与变异的定位、保护和临床应用提供解剖学基础。方法解剖25具(50侧)成人尸体颈部标本进行定位观察研究。结果 (1)22.0%的喉返神经存在分支情况,呈爪形袢状分布;(2)14.0%的喉返神经出现变异,根据不同的变异形式,可分为3种情况:①其分支与交感干之间相交通者4侧(8%);②其分支与喉上神经之间相交通者2侧(4%),其中1侧(2%)伴双喉返神经;③从喉返神经发出主动脉神经者1侧(2%)。结论喉返神经分支和交通支存在多种变异,在喉返神经相关手术区进行手术时,要避免损伤喉返神经和其分支。

Objective To explore the related branch operating area of recurrent laryngeal nerve and to identify its variation in the position,so as to protect those brancehes,and to provide anatomical basis for clinical application.Methods The anatomy positioning observation of cervical specimens of 25（50 sides） adult body was made.Results（1） There were 22.0% being branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve,showing claw-like loop distribution;（2） The 14.0% variation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve occured,those variants can be divided into 3 different kinds： ① The branchs connecting with the sympathetic trunk in 4 sides（8%）;② The other branches communicating with the superior laryngeal nerve,in 2 sides（4%）,including 1 side（2%） with double-recurrent laryngeal nerve;③The aortic nerve from the recurrent larynged nerve in 1 side（2%）.Conclusion There are several variations in the recurrent laryngeal nerve,so we must be careful in its arrounding surgery area so that we can avoid injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and its branches.