扬汤止沸,莫若未雨绸缪：从“预警”到减灾防灾

In Fair Weather Prepare for the Foul: from "Emergency Warning" to Disaster Mitigation

危机管理生命周期中具有基础意义的第一环——减灾防灾环节(Mitigation),对于整个危机管理的成效具有很强的制约作用,这已在各国危机管理实践和研究中取得共识。然而目前中国的应急管理领域,无论是理论研究者还是实务工作者,一个普遍的现象是对"减灾防灾"这一环节仍然没有引起足够重视。纵然在危机管理的整个生命周期中,危机的预警和响应具有重要的现实和政治意义,但是缺乏长期的减灾防灾环节很难取得应急管理能力的综合提升,同时灾害响应的有效性也会遭遇瓶颈。本文在对减灾防灾的概念和作用进行梳理和界定之后,总结了国外在减灾防灾中的成功之处,希望能为中国减灾防灾环节提供有益的借鉴。

Mitigation,one of the four critical phases in the process of crisis management,influences the effectiveness of whole crisis management process,which has been widely accepted by researchers and practitioners in the area.However,a general trend in Chinese crisis management is that to some extent mitigation phase has not been drawn much attention.Although disaster warning,response and recovery are significant politically and pragmatically,capacities of comprehensive crisis management are hard to be improved and effectiveness of disaster response might be eliminated given a lack of the long term mitigation phase.This paper aims to review definitions and functions of mitigation,and explore successful mitigation cases in the foreign contexts.