超额剩余价值——价值转形研究中缺失的关键环节

Extra Surplus-value:The Missing Key Link of Marx's Transformation Theory

马克思的价值转形数学模型,是建立在两个隐含假定之上的:一是各部门资本有机构成固定,一是部门间没有资本流动,这两个假定把模型限制在历史的一个横截面上。而价值转形问题,其实质是解释价值规律从简单商品经济到资本主义经济的历史演进。因此,只有取消这两个假定,把价值转形问题放在生产力进步、资本跨部门流动的历史进程的背景下,才能解决价值转形问题。在这个生产力进步的历史进程中,超额剩余价值是最核心的概念。

The mathematical model of transformation problem in Capital is based on two presumptions：（1） The Organic composition of capital of every industry is constant;（2） The amount of capital of every industry is constant.The two presumptions make it impossible to solve the transformation problem by the model.The essence of the transformation problem is to explain the historical evolution of the law of value.Therefore,the transformation problem can only be solved by abandoning the two unhistorical presumptions.In the new theory,extra surplus-value is the key to the solving of the transformation problem.