不同耕作措施对黑土坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响

The Effect of Different Tillage Measures on Soil Erosion in Slope Farmland in Black Soil Region

针对黑龙江省西部半干旱区土壤流失情况,在坡耕地径流小区通过野外人工模拟降雨试验,研究不同降雨强度、不同耕作措施下降雨产沙产流特征和过程。试验结果表明:降雨强度越大,对地表径流量和侵蚀量的影响越大,即雨强与径流量和泥沙量呈正相关,各种耕作措施的土壤流失顺序是顺坡垄裸地>横坡垄裸地>等高种植地>深松地>秸杆覆盖地>垄向区田地,植被覆盖地能有效控制水土流失,垄向区田地是这几种耕作措施中减少坡耕地水土流失的有效措施。

In view of the soil loss in the semiarid area of the western part of Heilongjiang Province,the characteristics and processes of rainfall and overflow under different tillage methods and rainfall intensity were studied based on artificial simulation of rainfall field experiment in the runoff plots on slope farmland.The experiment demonstrated that the more the rainfall intensity is,the more surface runoff and the erosion amount is,namely,the quantity of sediment was positively correlated with rainfall intensity and runoff.The order of the soil erosion under different tillage managements is as longitudinal ridge bare land〉cross ridge bare land〉contour planting land〉subsoiling land〉straw covered land〉ridge direction land.The vegetation-covered land is efficient in controlling soil and water loss.The ridge direction land is better than the other tillage measures in reducing soil and water loss of slope farmland.