全球变暖背景下国家伦理及其实现机制研究

Research on Construction of State Ethics in Tackling Global Warming and Related Coping Strategies

人类在全球变暖问题上无法实现责任共担的根本原因是国家伦理的普遍缺失。国家伦理是一个国家作为一个现实存在的实体所应当遵循的伦理规范,具有国内和国际两个维度。我们需要在全球变暖背景下建构国家伦理,为国家间迅速凝聚共识奠定共同的道德根基,进而按照公平正义原则,建构气候责任分担体系,即按份分配国家气候责任、按国家实力分配国家气候责任、按各自排放行为分配国家气候责任、按人口分配国家气候责任和自愿承担国家气候责任。

The primary reason that human beings can not undertake their own responsibility for global warming is lack of state ethics. State ethics refer to the ethic norms that one country as an entity should follow, which has internal and external dimensions. In order to lay the common moral foundations for forming consensus between countries, we need to construct state ethics to tackle global warming, and then construct climate responsibility apportionment system in accordance with fairness and justice： apportion climate responsibilities on the basis of portion, national strength, emission, population, and undertake state climate responsibility voluntarily. Furthermore, we should come up with effective ways to develop low-carbon economy and set up an international climate administrative committee under the framework of United Nations to coordinate and deal with issues of the world climate changes ef- fectively.