农村土地综合整治存在的问题及对策

Problems and Countermeasures of Rural Land Integrated Consolidation

研究目的:调研上海督察区域农村土地整治现状,总结存在的问题和原因,提出相应的对策。研究方法:文献研究法、定性分析法、比较分析法、调研法。研究结果:农村土地综合整治中存在很多问题,需要在探索中不断完善。研究结论:农村土地整治过程中存在的4个主要问题是农村土地整治前期工作存在严重滞后、农村宅基地置换难、农村居住点建设不符合节约用地和农耕文化要求、土地整治资金得不到保障。造成这些问题的原因有:缺乏统一的规范性政策和措施、土地综合整治与村级规划滞后之间存在矛盾、融资渠道单一、绩效考核机制尚未建立、建设用地不合理增加、对农民意愿重视不够、统一土地市场尚未建立。对策建议是:国际上的一些土地整治经验值得我们借鉴;不同的地区采取不同的土地综合整治的模式;综合整治与新农村建设相结合,强化先市域整体后区(县)乡村局部;生态环境及基础设施和基本农田优先;发挥市场机制基础性作用;确保土地收益返还农村。

The purposes of this paper are to explore the current status of rural land reconsolidation within the jurisdiction area of Shanghai Bureau of State Land Supervision, and to summarize the problems and reasons, as well as to provide the countermeasures. Methods employed are documentation, qualitative analysis, comparative analysis and field survey. The results indicate that there are many problems in the rural land reconsolidation process, which can only be solved dynamically. It is concluded that the rural land reconsolidation currently is confronted with four main problems, such as （1）severe delay on the preparatory work of comprehensive rural land reconsolidation; （2） the readjustment of rural residential land is difficult to be implemented;（3 ）the construction of rural residential area can not meet the requirements of land-saving and traditional farming culture; （4） the finance of land reconsolidation is not sufficient and guaranteed. The causes of these problems include that the lack of unified policy and measure, the conflict between comprehensive rural land reconsolidation and village-level planning delay, the unitary of finance source, the lack of performance assessment mechanism, the unreasonable increase of construction land, the insufficient attention on peasants＇ willingness, and the lack of a integrated land market, the paper finally suggests that （ 1 ） the experience on land reconsolidation from other countries is valuable for us; （2） the integrated land reconsolidation mode varies according to different areas; （3）it＇s better to combine the integrated rural land reconsolidation with the ＂New Countryside Construction＂ movement, emphasizing the reeonsolidation at the whole municipal level is prior to the level of individual district （or county）（4） the ecological environment, public infrastructures and prime farmland protection hold the priority position; （5） the role of market mechanism should be enhanced; （6）the land revenue is necessary to return to the rural area.