我国农村最低生活保障地方立法文本之比较

Comparison of Legislative Texts on Local Rural Minimum Living Allowance

从总体上看,我国农村最低生活保障的地方性立法和地方法制资源的利用程度并不高,仅为29.6%,且集中于2004—2006三年内。这种格局反映出各地制度建设的成熟度和规范性存在差异,亦反映出农民低保权制度化的多样性和复杂性。从制度比较上看,地方立法样本的城乡一体化率占14.8%,农村低保对象的定量认定占70.8%,同时各地辅以内涵不同的定性条件和附加条件;在低保标准的确定上,各地普遍存在双挂钩法、人均收入法、人均消费支出法、直接规定法、授权法和CPI法等不同做法;在资金来源上,地方立法样本采用了多种模式。分析表明,应加大中央立法的进程,并在对象界定、标准确定、资金运行等关键环节引导地方立法文件的规范化。

Presently,the legislation of rural minimum living standard shows the non-existence of central and some local legislation at the same time.However,the utilization of legal resources in local legislation is not high,only about 29.6%,especially from 2004 to 2005.This reflects the differences on the maturity and normalization of the local system construction.It also shows the diversity and complexity of the institutionalization of the rural minimum living allowance.From the point of view of legal system,the integrity of urban and rural of local legislation occupies only 14.8%.The quantitative identification of minimum living standard for rural residents takes about 70.8%,but also with different connotation and conditions.On the standard of minimum living cost,some regions take different approaches,such as double conditions approach,per capita income approach,per capita consumption expenditure approach,direct provision approach,authorization approach and CPI approach and so on.On the source of funding,the sample of local legislation uses a variety of modes.After the analysis of local legislation sample,the paper proposes to speed up central legislative process and normalizes the local legislation on the object identification,standard determination and fund utilization.