略论中国碳酸钠矿床

ON CHINESE SODIUM CARBONATE DEPOSITS

碳酸钠矿床有三大类型：第四纪盐湖型、第四纪砂下湖型及第三纪陆相碎屑岩型，在中国均有发现。矿床均赋存于第三纪以来（多为第四纪）陆相湖盆。其形成受地质构造、物源、气候、生物地球化学等条件制约。半干旱的草原-沙漠区是现代碱湖分布区；中新生代构造-火山活动带是大型碱矿存在的前提。应注意研究寻找工业价值较大、产于第三纪断陷盆地的古代矿床及碱水矿床。油、碱、盐兼探应为找矿的有效途径。

Sodium carbonate deposits may be classified into three major types, Quaternary salt lake, Quaternarysand-covered playa and Tertiary continental detrital rock, all three having been found in China. The deposit alloccur in continental lake basins formed since Tertiary times, subjected to government of various conditionsincluding climatic, biological and geochemical. Preconditions for formation of large-sized NaCO3 deposits aresemiarid grassland or desert climate and Mesozoic-Cenozoic volcanic or tectonic active regions. Care should betaken to search for ancient and alkali solution deposits, of higher industrial interest and occurring in Tertiaryblock basins, by an efficient channel of oil-salt-alkali simultaneous exploration.