水库渔业营养类型划分标准研究──1.指标层次的确定

On the Standard of Fishery Trophication Classification of Reservoirs in China:Ⅰ. Establishment of Target Layers

依据１９８０－１９９２年全国２０个省５５座水库渔业资源调查数据，运用Ｒ型聚类分析和主成分分析方法对４８项指标间的层次性进行分析，水库渔业营养类型划分标准的指标层次体系可确定为：第一大层次（水库形态与自然环境）包括地理，气候，水深，面积和体积．土壤．水文等６个小层次；第二大层次（水的理化性质）包括主要离子，磷素，有机物，溶解气体，氮素等５个小层次；第三大层次（生物学）包括浮游植物，浮游动物，初级生产力，鲢鳙生长等４个小层次．

The layer system of 48 targets was studied by using R-cluster analysis and principal component analysis methods with fishery resource data (investigated from 1980 to 1992) of 55 reservoirs of 20 provinces in China. After comparing with the results of the two analysis methods, the target layer system for the fishery trophication classification of reservoirs in China was established. The 48 targets could be divided into 3 layers. The first layer includes 6 sub-levels: geography level (latitude -- LN, illumination hours - IH), climatology level (annual no frost days - NFD, annual mean air temperature - AT, annual rainfall - RF) , water depth level (maximum depth - MAXD, mean depth - MD), area and volume level (fishery area - FA, total storage capacity - TSC, profit storage capicity - PSC, dead storage capicity-DSC), soil level (catchment area - CA, draw - down area - DDA, DDA to FA indix-- DFI) and hydrology level (ratio of water exchange-RWE, CA to FA indix - CFI, CA to TSC indix - CCI). The second layer includes 5 sublevels: major ions level Celectrical conductivity - EC, total alkalinity - TA, total hardness - TH, value of pH - PH, TA to TH indix - AHI), phosphorus level (phosphate phosphorus -PO_4 - P, total phosphorus - TP), organic matter level (chemical oxygen demand - COD), dissolved gas level (dissolved oxygen - DO) and nitrogen level (ammonium nitrogen - NH_4-N, nitrite nitrogen - NO_2-N, nitrogen level nitrogen - N3, total nitrogen - TN), The third layer includes 4 sublevels: phytoplankton level (density - DP, biomass - BP), zooplankton level (density -- DZ, biomass - BZ), primary productivity level (phytoplankton primary productivity - PP), fish growth level (body length - SL and weight - SW and fatness - SFAT of two years silver carp, body length - BL and weight - BW and fatness - BFAT of two years bighead carp).