水体磷酸酶:来源、特征及其生态学意义

Phosphatases in Natural Water: Origin, Characteristics and Ecological Significance

酶在水生态系统的物质循环与能量转化过程中具有关键作用本文以湖泊磷酸酶为例讨论了水环境中酶的来源、特征及其生态学意义酶主要源于细菌、浮游植物和浮游动物，且能以胞外的或溶解态的形式存在这部分酶对于ｐＨ值、温度以及其它理化条件表现出明显的适应性和稳定性．磷酸酶能补充磷的营养、指示磷的丰缺、介导磷的循环．水环境中酶效应的广泛以及作用的特殊性已足以使之成为“生态酶学（ Ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ Ｅｎｚｙｍｏｌｏｇｙ）”的独立分支（水体酶）

In water ecosystems, enzymes play a key role in the processes of nutrient cycling and energy transformation. The origin, characteristics and ecological significance of the phosphatases in lakes, as an example, are reviewed in this paper. The enzymes, extracellular and dissolved, are mainly from bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton. They show stability and suitability towards the variations in pH value, temperature and other physical and chemical factors. Planktons seem to compensate for their phosphorus deficiency not only by an increase in enzyme production but also by an improved ability to use low substrate concentrations, which implies the potential significance of enzymes in environmental monitoring. Some ecological relationships might be explained from the points of view of enzymatic reactions. In short, the special and integrated functions of the enzyme in natural waters, in terms of nutrient supplying, nutrient status indicating and cycle mediating, have made it an essential part of the ecological enzymology.