浅析金属矿山开采对岩土生态环境的影响

THE SIMPLE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT ON SOIL-WATER ECOSYSTEM FROM THE METAL DEPOSITS EXPLOITATION

金属（常量金属、重金属）矿产开采污染土壤环境，土壤中重金属累积， Ｆｅ、Ａｌ在表土淋滤，深部富集；膏盐矿开采造成不同程度土壤次生盐渍化（盐化和碱 化）。金属矿床酸性废水直接污染地表和地下水体，诱发土壤酸化；膏盐矿的咸（卤） 水、盐泉是重要的环境污染源。重金属对生物（人）体产生危害，常量金属元素也是危 害生物（人）体健康的重要因素。矿山生态环境学是２１世纪地学发展的重要方向之 一，应在我国加强该领域的研究和科技投入。

The exploitation of metal(main and heavy) deposits pollutes soil environment. Heavy metal elements are accumulated in soil. Main metal elements such as Fe and Al are leached in upper soil layers and accumulated in deeper layers. The exploitation of gypsum mine results in the variety of hypo - salting salinization and alkalization, The acid waste water produced in the exploitation of metal deposits directly pollutes the surface water and the ground water and brings the acidation of soil. Saline water(salt brine) of gypsum and saline spring are the important pollutant sources. Both heavy metal elements and main metal elements are harmful to living things including human being. The writer points out ecosystem geology is one of the important direction of geology development in 21 century. It is necessary for us to dive into the research in this field for our country.