温度对褐牙鲆资源补充特征的生态效应

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ECOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF RESOURCES RECRUITMENT OF BASTARD HALIBUT, PARALICHTHYS OLIVACEUS (T. ET S.)

根据1980－1995年胶州湾和渤海水域资源生态学调查资料，采用自然生态学与实验生态学相结合的方法，综合分析温度对褐牙鲆补充阶段生活史特征及其资源补充过程的影响。结果表明，随地理纬度的增加，褐牙鲆产卵期滞后，生殖季节缩短；在水温从9.62℃增至1989℃的过程中，褐牙鲆的性腺发育指数（GSI）出现单一峰值，7月至翌年3月间此值均小于1.0;在实验水温范围（7－27℃）内，受精卵孵化时数（t）随水温（T）变化关系为ｔ＝292．84e－0.0968T（r=－0．8645，n=34,p＜0．O01）。在一定温度范围内，亲鱼性成熟、排卵、仔鱼变态速度与温度呈正相关；胚胎发育总时数、孵化率、仔鱼各发育阶段的持续时间和仔鱼变态持续时间、仔鱼变态后的个体大小与温度呈负相关;仔幼鱼生长速度与温度呈二项式曲线；褐牙鲆卵的温度容忍度至少为8℃，其仔鱼、幼鱼生长率与存活率均为最低。

The effects of water temperature on early life history patterns of bastard halibutParalichops olivaceus (T, et S.), in the northern China seas were evaluated using the data setsderived from both experimenta trials and field survey. Although the bastard halibut is distributedover the whole waters of China and Japanese seas, the spawning period shortens and the peak ofreproduchon appears later with increase in geographic lahtude, but all offspring occurs in springseason. In accordance with annual data of gonad somahc index, it can be inseminated as a singlemaximum value corresPonding to warming temperature from 9.62 to 19.89℃. ln laboratoryexperimenall trials, eggs can be hatched under the condihon of temperature ranging from 7.0 to27.0℃ and the relation of hatched time (t:hours) to temperature (℃)can be expressed as a negativeexponential funchon as t = 292.84e-0.0968T(r = - 0.864 5, n = 34, p < 0.001). However, the mostpeferabe temperaturelies between 15.30 to 17.70t and theoretical hatch time would be 66.59h to52.79h. In association with changes in salinity and temperature, the hatch rate tends to vary with0bivariabe binomial function if salinity is less than 29. The effect of temperature on themetaInorphosis rate of the fish was Positive and total development hme during early life stanzathey size at the end of metaInorphosis has a negahve relahon. For changes in survival durahon (D:d)and temperature (T:℃), the growth in total length can be conceptualized as TL = - l3.598 6 +l.73l T-0. 173D + 0.030 8TX D + 0.002 8D2. It means that maximum growth rate in 1 .217 9 mm / dcan be observed for temperature 23.42℃