双壳类指示生物反映下的胶州湾生态环境的研究

STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE JIAOZHOU BAY USING BIVALVES AS A BIOMONITOR

于1996年11月和1997年11月，在胶州湾不同污染地点（双埠、红岛、团岛和汇泉角）采集双壳类生物样品，采用中子活化技术、等离子体耦合原子发射谱法、原子荧光谱法对样品体内的34种元素的组成进行了测定研究。结果表明，蛤仔对大多数元素的富集作用最强，是胶州湾典型的指示生物；双埠蛤仔体内的As和Cr的含量已超出食品卫生标准；团岛贻贝体内的Cd、Cu和Zn的含量已超出食品卫生标准和一般底栖生物的最高允许浓度，说明胶州湾不同区域已有了不同程度的重金属污染，且年际变化较为明显，重金属污染程度在不断加剧。

The Jiaozhou Bay, located among the areas where industries and agriculture aredeveloping fast recently, is subjected to pollution from many resources. In this paper, we selected 4different sites around the Jiaozhou Bay to monitor the environmental quaIity： Hongdao, Shuangbu,Tuandao and Huiquan Jiao. Hongdao is a typical fishery village, Shuangbu is an area with heavyindusny and densely population; Huiquan Jiao is a tourism point, Tuandao is an area with factories,transportation and tourism.Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), atomic emission spectrometry with inductixely coupled plasma (ICP-AES) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) are used for marine livingorgedsms to determine the elemental contents in their tissues. To select the suitable biomonitor, threespecies of bivalves (clam Ruditapes philippinarun，oyster cystrea denselamellosa, mussel Mytilusgalloprovincialis) were collected at each site. 34 elements in these collected organisms were studied,including biological essential elements and toxic ones, such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Feand Br. By comparison of the elemental contents, we suggest that the clam was the most sultablebiomonitor for the Jiaozhou Bay.The preliminary results indicate that some elementa1 contents (Hg, Cr, Cu, As) in the clamfrom Shuangbu were much higher than those in the clam from Hongdao, for example, the Hgcontent in the clam from Shuangbu was 0.212ug / g, almost 6 times higher than that in the clam from Hongdao (0.031 3ug/g). This shows tbat the envirorunental quality in Shuangbu was worse thantha in Hongdao. The environmental quality in Tuandao was worse than that in Huiquan Jiao. Theelemental conIents in the mussel from Tuandao were much higher than that in the mussel fromHuiquan Jiao, for an instance, Cd (Tuandao: 2.07ug / g, Huiquan Jiao: 1.34ug / g), Cu (Tuandao：11.6ug/g, Huiquan Jiao: 9.5ug /g) and Zn (Tuandao：294ug /g, Huiquan Jiao：142ug /g), The interannul changes of the Jiaozhou Bay were significant， the concentrahon of heavy metal elements (As,Co, Cr, Pb, Zn) in the clam of 1997 were obviously higher than that of 1996.From the preliminary results, we suggest that heavy metal pollution is becoming one of themost concerns of environmental quality monitoring in the Jiaozhou Bay.