未来10年天体测量的发展

Development of Astrometry in the Next Decade

首先回顾了依巴谷卫星的观测结果在天文学上的意义， 同时指出其不足之处： 极限星等仅为１２ｍａｇ ， 自行精度不够高等。介绍了正在进行的各种地面上的暗星扩充计划， 如ＴＡＣ、ＳＤＳＳ、ＵＣＡＣ－ Ｓ、ＰＯＳＳ 等， 并对它们的预期目标、观测计划和目前进展情况作了详细描述。叙述了未来１０ 年可能实施的几个空间天体测量计划， 如欧洲空间局的ＧＡＩＡ、美国喷气推进实验室的ＳＩＭ、德国的ＤＩＶＡ、美国海军天文台的ＦＡＭＥ 和俄罗斯普尔科沃天文台的ＳＴＲＵＶＥ 等。重点论述了高精度、高分辨率的天体测量资料在天体物理学上的应用前景。

In this paper, the important influence of the observations of Hipparcos Satellite on Astronomy is described,meanwhile its short disadvantanges are also pointed out: limited magnitude is only 12 mag and the accuracy of proper motions are not high enough. In the second part of this paper, the predictive objectives, observational arrangement and current progress of various ground based observational plans for expanding to faint stars, such as TAC, SDSS, UCAC-S, POSS, are introduced. In the third section, some space astrometric projects, which will probably be carried on in the next decade, such as GAIA of ESA, SIM of US JPL, DIVA of Germany, FAME of US Naval Observatory and STRUVE of Pulkovo, Russia are described. In the last section, the applications of sub-milliarcsecond astrometric data on astrophysics are mentioned.