腺苷受体调节睡眠觉醒作用机制进展

Progress in the roles of adenosine receptors in sleep-wake regulation

腺苷是ATP代谢产物,在脑内广泛存在。腺苷受体分为A1、A2A、A2B和A3四种受体(re-ceptor,R)亚型。研究显示:内源性腺苷可能通过A1R和A2AR发挥睡眠调节作用。A1R在中枢系统分布广泛,兴奋位于觉醒系统组胺能、基底前脑胆碱能神经上的A1R,诱发睡眠;腺苷A2AR相对集中分布于前脑区,兴奋A2AR可引起强大的睡眠效应;A2AR可能介导内源性前列腺素D2的睡眠调节作用,是咖啡因促觉醒作用的主要靶点。A1R和A2AR在睡眠觉醒调节中的贡献,至今仍有很大争议,本文综述腺苷受体睡眠调节作用研究进展。

Adenosine,the product of ATP,widely presented in the brain is proposed to be an endogenous sleep-promoting substance.Among 4 subtypes of adenosine receptor（R）,A1R,A2AR,A2BR and A3R,it has been reported that both adenosine A1R and A2AR mediate the somnogenic effects of adenosine.Activation of A1R in the arousal histaminergic posterior hypothalamus,cholinergic basal forebrain and so on promotes sleep.A2AR is mainly localized in the caudate-putaman,nucleus accumbens,olfactory tubercles.Activation of A2AR significantly promotes sleep.A2AR mediates the somnogenic effects of prostaglandin D2,and acts as the target of caffeine.However,the roles of A1R and A2AR in sleep-wake regulation are in debate.This review summarizes the progress in the roles of adenosine receptors in sleep-wake regulation.