黄芪多糖对齐口裂腹鱼生长、体组成和免疫指标的影响

EFFECT OF ASTRAGALUS POLYSACCHARIDES ON GROWTH,BODY COMPOSITION AND IMMUNE INDEX IN SCHIZOTHORAX PRENANTI

试验研究黄芪多糖对齐口裂腹鱼生长性能、体组成及免疫指标的影响。以450尾健康的齐口裂腹鱼[体重(6.98±0.43)g;体长(9.11±0.25)cm]为试验对象,随机分为5组(C1、C2、C3、C4、C5),每组3个重复,每重复30尾试验鱼。C1、C2、C3、C4、C5组分别投喂在等氮等能(蛋白质含量38.29%,能量15.73 mJ/kg)的基础料中分别添加0、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08%的黄芪多糖制成5种试验饲料,养殖齐口裂腹鱼50d。结果表明:饲料中未添加黄芪多糖组的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料蛋白效率(PER)均显著低于黄芪多糖添加组(P<0.05),而饵料系数(FCR)则显著高于黄芪多糖添加组(P<0.05)。当黄芪多糖添加水平为0.04%时,试验鱼的WGR、SGR、PER均达到最大(分别为110.31%、1.86%/d和182.07%),FCR最低(1.44),与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05);以WGR、SGR、PER、FCR为指标,利用直线和抛物线回归分析表明,齐口裂腹鱼生长性能最佳时黄芪多糖添加水平为0.045%—0.074%;对齐口裂腹鱼机体组成分析表明,黄芪多糖对鱼体粗灰分和水分影响不显著(P>0.05),黄芪多糖添加水平为0.06%时机体粗蛋白最高,但与黄芪多糖添加水平为0.04%时无明显差异(P>0.05);粗脂肪含量在黄芪多糖添加水平为0.04%时最高,与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05);未添加黄芪多糖组血清免疫酶活性显著低于黄芪多糖添加组,齐口裂腹鱼血清免疫酶活性在一定范围内随黄芪多糖的增加而增强。黄芪多糖添加水平为0.04%时,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性最高;酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性在黄芪多糖添加水平0.06%时最大;黄芪多糖添加水平应在0.06%—0.08%时,溶菌酶(LSZ)、超氧化歧化酶(SOD活性趋于稳定。这说明黄芪多对齐口裂腹鱼的生长和免疫力有明显的促进作用。综合考虑齐口裂腹鱼生长性能和免疫能力最佳时黄芪多糖添加水平为0.04%—0.074%。

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of astragalus polysaccharides（APS） on growth per-formance,body composition and activities of immunoenzyme in Schizothorax prenanti.450 healthy Schizothorax prenanti with（6.98±0.43） g of average weight and（9.11±0.25） cm of average length,were randomly divided into five groups with three replicates of 30 Schizothorax prenanti.Group C1,as the control group,was fed with the basal diet（38.29% CP and 15.73 mJ/kg GE）,while group C2,C3,C4 and C5,as trial groups,were fed with the diet added with 0.02,0.04,0.06 and 0.08% APS respectively.The experiment lasted for 50 days.The results showed that the weight gain ratio（WGR）,specific growth ratio（SGR） and protein efficiency ratio（PER） of the fish fed with the diet added with APS significantly increased（P0.05）,at the same time,the feed conversion ratio（FCR） of the fish significantly decreased（P0.05）.All of the WGR,SGR and PER of Schizothorax prenanti were the highest（110.31%,1.86%/d,182.07% re-spectively）,but the FCR was the lowest（1.44）.when APS levels were 0.04%,those were significance difference with other groups（P0.05）.Based on Linear and parabolic regression analysis of the WGR,SGR,PER,FCR,the optimal APS level for the diet was 0.045%—0.074%;moisture crude Ash in whole body of Schizothorax prenanti showed no significant effects by supplemental levels of APS（P0.05）,but the crude protein was the highest at 0.06% APS,which showed no significantly difference from that of 0.04% APS（P0.05）,and the crude lipid was the highest at 0.04% APS,which was significantly different from other groups（P0.05）;Activities of immunoenzyme in Schizothorax prenanti of trial groups were significantly higher than those of control group,and the activities of immunoenzyme increased with the increment of APS level in certain range.Schizothorax prenanti had the highest alkaline phosphatase activity（ALP） when fed with 0.04% APS,at the same time,the acid phosphatase activity（ACP） were the highest when fed with 0.06% APS.Lysozyme（LSZ） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity tended to stabilize when 0.06%—0.08% APS were fed.Results of above showed that the addition of APS could promote the growth and immunity of Schizothorax prenanti.The optimal dietary APS levels for optimum growth performance and immunological indices in Schizothorax prenanti was suggested to be 0.04%—0.074%.