评康德对“休谟问题”的回应

On Kant's Response to Hume's Question

大卫.休谟作为极端的经验论者,认为因果联系和归纳推理既不是唯理论所谓的不证自明,也不是从经验中获得,而是习惯性联想的产物,这就是历史上著名的"休谟问题"。休谟对因果推理的合理怀疑动摇了西方科学知识的理论基础,为了维护科学知识的权威和建立自己的批判哲学体系,康德以先天综合判断如何可能来回应"休谟问题"。尽管康德对"休谟问题"的解决必定会存在不足,但其对"休谟问题"独特的解决方式及在推动西方认识论发展,特别是关于主体能动性思想发展方面还是起着十分重要的作用的。

David Hume,as an extreme empiricist,in expiricism terms,he believes that casual connection and inductive inference are neither rationalism which will be self-evident nor theory which gain from experience.But the result of habitual imagination.This is so called Hume＇s question in history.his doubts about the ration of casual connection shake the foundation of science and technology in the west.In order to maintain the authoritative of science and technology and establish his own critical philosophy system,Kant responses to Hume＇ question in terms of the innate synthetic judgment.Although there is some limitation in Kant＇s methods.They play an important role in solving the problems with a unique way and advance the development of epistemology in the west,especially in development of subjective initiative.