长走廊内烟气组合控制的数值模拟与试验研究

Numerical and Experimental Study on Combination Control of Smoke in Corridor

为研究适用于高层建筑火灾中烟气控制的组合控制模型,提出通过设置防烟缓冲区来改善传统前室正压送风系统,并且与其他烟气控制方式相结合建立组合模型。设计并实施狭长走廊建筑的火灾烟气全尺寸风洞试验;在试验基础上,采用Fire Dynamic Simulation(FDS)软件模拟该风洞在相同试验条件下的火灾现象,对模拟结果和全尺寸试验的数据进行比较分析,发现2者规律吻合,且平均温度误差率为4.08%,验证所建模型的合理性。研究结果还表明在与防烟缓冲区组合中,30 m内走廊段只需设置一个排烟口,且排烟口位置以靠近火源为宜,其排烟效率为72.1%;此外还需要在排烟口后增设挡烟垂壁,来加强排烟效果,从而达到组合模型的最佳烟气控制效果。

A combination model of smoke-control was studied for high-rise building fire combining with other smoke control models,in which a ＂corridor-atria＂ buffer was proposed to improve traditional pressurization air supply system.A full-size experiment on smoke was designed and implemented in wind tunnel to simulate the corridor fire,and Fire Dynamic Simulation（FDS） was applied to simulate fire in the same conditions.Comparison of the simulation results with the experiment dates shows that the model is reasonable and applicable,and the error of the average temperature is about 4.08%.Experimental studies also show that only one smoke outlet is needed every 30 m in corridor in the combination models,and it is better to set it near the fire location.Its exhaust efficiency is 72.1%.Additionally,it needs to set a smoke screen behind the outlet so as to strengthen the smoke exhaust effect.Thus the combination control of smoke reaches the best condition.