上海市小学生交通行为观测与特征分析

Traffic Behavior Observation and Characteristic Analysis for Shanghai Primary School Students

为了有针对性地开展小学生交通安全教育,采用行为观测方法研究了上海市小学生的交通行为特征。采用视频观测小学生过街,对行为特征进行编码,利用数理统计分析方法研究行为特征规律。研究发现整体上小学生安全过街行为表现很差,在路边正确位置等待和正确左右观看两方面表现尤为欠缺。研究特别对小学生过街行人组合(一人、结伴、家长陪同)、路口过街方式(一次过街2、次过街)和性别对其交通行为的影响进行了分析,发现过街行人组合显著影响等待位置、是否闯红灯、是否正确左右观看,路口过街方式显著影响等待位置、是否闯红灯、是否正确左右观看、有无不良交通行为,小学生的性别对过街时的交通行为无显著影响。因此对小学生进行交通安全教育是十分必要的,需要针对小学生交通行为特征开展有针对性的安全教育。

In order to conduct traffic safety education for primary school students efficiently,their traffic behavior should be investigated.In this study,the primary school students＇ traffic behavior was observed by video camera at three intersections in Shanghai.Their behaviors of crossing street were coded and analyzed by applying statistical methods.Overall,students＇ street crossing behaviors on the way to and after school are extremely poor,particularly for waiting at the appropriate position of the roadsides,watching the left and the right directions properly when crossing.This study investigated the effect of the street crossing combination（student alone,with classmates,or with adult）,street crossing patterns（one-step crossing,two-step crossing）,and the gender on their crossing behaviors.Statistics shows that the street crossing combination has a significant effect on the waiting position,running the red light,and looking left and right correctly.The street crossing patterns have a significant effect on waiting location,whether running the red light,and looking left and right directions appropriately.It is also found that there is no significant difference between the male and the female students for their crossing behaviors.These results indicate that it is very necessary to conduct safety education,particularly in the problems identified in the studies.