乌兰布和沙漠沙生灌木饲用营养成分的研究

Nutrition of the Forage used Psammophyte Shrubs in Wulan Buh Desert

对５种沙生灌木在不同年份和不同季节的饲用营养成分进行了测试分析，并与乌兰布和沙区１２种传统饲料的营养成分作了比较，结果表明：５种沙生灌木营养成分和氨基酸含量丰富，部分指标高于紫花苜蓿、沙打旺、玉米秸和小麦秸，适宜于家畜饲养要求；不同灌木或同一灌木在不同年份和不同的季节其主要营养成分含量差异显著，变化规律明显。从营养、产量和采收加工等综合因素考虑，该区灌木饲料采收应在８月下旬进行，该期粗蛋白含量：花棒１５．０８％、羊柴１３．４９％、柠条１５．９９％、梭梭９．１０％、沙拐枣１０．０６％；粗纤维含量：花棒２８．６９％、羊柴３７．９４％、柠条３４．２５％、梭梭２４．７１％、沙拐枣２０．７１％；粗脂肪含量：除梭梭外，其他４种灌木均处于生长季含量高值期。５种灌木的钙含量在生长期均递增，磷含量递减。

It is important to study the nutrition of the forage used psammophyte shrubs for the development of animal husbandry in sandy areas while taking account of the ecological effect of sand controlling. The test was carried on at the base of the Desert Forest Experimental Centre of the Chinese Academy of Forestry in the northeast of Wulan Buh Desert. Five pieces of fixed sample land for 5 species of shrubs were chosen for fixing the seedlings. The edible parts for the animal were collected in the fixed time and fixed position. Every sample was repeated three times. After the collected sample were dried by wind,the test for nutritions were taken. The test items were coarse protein, coarse fibre, coarse fat, non nitrogen soak things, coarse ash, calcium and phosphorus. The contents of 11 kinds of amino acid of Hedysarum scoparium Fisch.et Mey and Caragana korshinskii Kom. were tested also, meanwhile the comparison with other 4 shrubs and 2 sorts of forage was taken. The 5 species of psammophyte shrubs are Haloxylon ammodendron Mey.Buunge, Hedysarum scoparium Fisch. et Mey., H.laeve Maxim., Calligonum arborescens Litv., and Caragana korshinskii Kom.. The forage plants used as contrast are Psammochloa villoa (Trin.) Bor., Artemisia ordosica Krasch., Phragmites communis Trin., Populus gansuensis C. Wang et H.L.Yang, Ulmus pumila L., Salix matsudana Koidz., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., Medicago sativa L., Astragalus adsurgens Pall. and the straw of corn and wheat. The results show that the 5 shrubs contain rich nutrition and amino acid,some of the indexes are higher than that of Medicago sativa L., Astragalus adsurgens Pall.and the straw of corn and wheat, and can meet the nutrition needs of livestocks. The main nutrition element contents of the alike and disalike species are different evidently and also their changing laws are clear in different years and different seasons. The collection of the forage should be done during the last ten days of August due to the nutrition, because the contents of the coarse protein and coarse fibre are much higher and the contents of the coarse fat are the highest in their growing period except Haloxylon ammodendron Mey. Buunge. The contents of calcium of the 5 species are in an increasing state while the contents of phosphorus are in a decreasing state. Only the ratio of calcium to phosphorus of H.laeve Maxim.didn't surpass the bearable 7∶1 limit of the ruminate livestocks. So when the forage is making, the right amount of phosphorus should be added.