沿黄河下游湖泊湿地植物群落演替及其多样性研究

Plant community succession and species diversity of lakeshore wetlands along the lower Yellow River

沿黄河下游湖泊湿地是黄河健康生命系统的重要组成部分,其植物群落演替及其多样性研究对湿地及其生物多样性保护有重要意义。通过野外样地调查,分析了沿黄河下游湖泊湿地植物物种组成及其群落的演替模式,并计算了群落植物多样性特征指数,包括物种丰富度指数（S）、多样性Simpson指数（D）、Shannon-wiener指数（H′）、均匀度指数Pielou（E）。结果表明,研究区湖泊湿地共有77种植物,属于28科61属,除榆树Ulmus pumila Linn.为木本植物外,其余76种为草本植物,其中有1种轮藻门植物,1种蕨类植物;从空间来看植物群落演替过程为沉水植物菹草群落→纯水烛群落→水烛群落→水烛＋扁秆藨草群落→藨草群落→芦苇群落,青龙湖湿地水环境的变化,使湿地植物群落的类型也随之发生变化;群落多样性指数Shannon-wiener指数均低于1.12,Simpson指数为0.41~1,Pielou均匀度指数为0.8左右;芦苇群落的物种数最多,有32个物种,水烛群落以12种次之,菹草群落、水烛＋扁秆藨草群落和扁秆藨草群落中的物种数差别不大。沿黄河下游湿地植物群落多样性水平较低,湿地系统有向陆地系统过渡的趋势。

The lakeshore wetland of the Lower Yellow River is an important part of the Yellow River System.Its plant community succession and species diversity is valuable to the protection and biodiversity of wetlands.Through field sample plot investigations,the plant community succession and species component of lakeshore wetlands was studied along the Lower Yellow River,and the diversity indexes were analyzed including Species richness,Simpson index,Shannon-wiener index,Evenness index（Peilou）.The results showed that there were 77 plant species in Qinglong Lakeshore Wetland,of which one belonging to Ulmus pumila L.and others were herbaceous plants.Together there were 28 families and 61 genera.The course of plant community succession goes from Com.Potamogeton crispus（submerged plant） to Pure Com.Typha angustifolia Linn.→ Com.Typha angustifolia Linn.→ Com.Typha angustifolia Linn.＋ Scirpus planiculmis Fr.Schmidt.→ Com.Scirpus planiculmis Fr.Schmidt.→ Com.Phragmites australis.The plant community varied with the water environment in Qinglong Lakeshore Wetland.Shannon-wiener index were less than 1.12,Simpson index were 0.41~1,and Evenness index（Peilou） were about 0.8.The most variable species was Com.Phragmites australis with 32 plant species,followed by Com.Typha angustifolia Linn.with 12 plant species.There was no significant difference among the diversity of another three groups.Species diversity was low in Qinglong Lakeshore Wetland.The lakeshore wetlands along Lower Yellow River showed a tendency involving into terrestrial system.