植物DNA条形码技术的发展及应用

Progress and application of DNA barcoding technique in plants

在对DNA条形码技术的发展过程进行归纳分析的基础上,对植物DNA条形码技术的研究进展、工作流程及分析方法、影响其鉴定准确性的因素及其在植物分类学研究中的应用现状及存在的争议进行了综合分析和阐述,并展望了植物DNA条形码技术的发展趋势及应用前景。通过具体实例说明将植物DNA条形码技术与传统植物学知识相结合可作为民族植物学的研究手段之一。认为:目前常用的植物DNA条形码主要有单一片段和多片段组合2种方式,这2种方式各有优缺点;常用的DNA序列有matK、trnH-psbA、rbcL和ITS等,但均有一定的局限性;针对不同的使用目的,应选择不同的植物DNA条形码标准;影响植物DNA条形码鉴定准确性的因素包括物种的类型和数量、系统树构建方法、杂交/基因渗入、物种起源时间的差异、分子进化速率差异等;当前植物DNA条形码研究工作的重点是选择合适的DNA片段并对其进行评价。

Based on summarization and analysis of development process of DNA barcoding technique,research progress of DNA barcoding technique in plants,its working process and analysis method,influencing factors on its identification accuracy,its application status and dispute existing in plant taxonomic study were comprehensively analyzed and described,and further development trend and application prospect of DNA barcoding technique in plants were proposed.By means of some research examples,it was indicated that combining method of DNA barcoding technique in plants and traditional botanical knowledge could be taken as one of studying ways for ethnobotany.And also,it was suggested that common DNA barcoding in plants mainly were two modes of single fragment and multiple fragments combining,and both of them had their respective advantages and disadvantages.Common DNA sequences included matK,trnH-psbA,rbcL and ITS,etc,but they all had a certain limitation.Different standards of DNA barcoding in plants should be selected in order to different application aims.Influencing factors on its identification accuracy included type and number of species,construction method of phylogenetic tree,hybridization and gene introgression,variance of species origin time and variance of molecular evolution rate.Current focus on DNA barcoding in plants is how to select suitable DNA fragments and to evaluate their values.