福建地区畲族和汉族骨密度流行病学调查分析

The epidemiological investigation of the bone mineral density in She and Han nationalities in Fujian region

目的对福建地区畲族、汉族健康人群2424例骨密度测定,分析本地区峰值骨量、骨密度以及骨质疏松发病率,为本地区骨质疏松诊断、预防、治疗提供依据。方法采用美国Osteometer MediTech公司生产的DTX-200型骨密度仪检测受试者非受力侧前臂挠尺骨远端三分之一处的骨密度。获得骨密度均值、T评分值及Z值。按汉族、畲族、性别、每10岁为一年龄段进行分组,进行统计学的分析。结果汉族的骨密度峰值男性女性均在30～39岁之间;畲族的骨密度峰值男性、女性都在40～49岁之间。与国内同类型仪器检测报道不同。女性的骨密度在19岁之前均高于男性,女性在50岁以后不管是汉族还是畲族都迅速下降,到80岁以后缓慢下降。畲族的男性骨密度在50岁达到高峰,到70岁以后才逐渐下降,与汉族的骨密度峰值在40岁之前不同。总体汉族男女性骨密度均高于畲族,尤其在19岁之前的汉族女性骨密度明显高于畲族女性,统计学有明显差异。结论本次调查骨密度汉族与畲族的峰值出现时间有所不同,可能与生活习惯、种族、生活条件不同有关,但骨密度峰值高者骨质疏松的发生率较低,提示早期诊断、早期治疗可预防骨质疏松的发生、发展。关键词:畲族;汉族;骨密度测定;

Objective To measure the bone mineral density （BMD） in 2424 healthy She and Han people in Fujian region, to analyze the peak bone mass （PBM） , BMD, and the prevalence of osteoporosis （OP） in the region, and to provide evidences for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of OP in the region. Methods BMDs of the distal one-third of the radius and ulna of the non-dominant forearm were measured with DTX200 bone absorptiometry （Osteometer MediTech, USA）. The mean of BMD, T-score, and Z-score were obtained. The groups were divided according to Han nationality, She nationality, gender, and every 10- year of age, and were analyzed statistically. Results The PBM of both male and female occurred in 30-39 years old group in Han nationality and in 40-49 years old group in She nationality. This was not in agreement with the reports using similar equipment in the country. BMD in the female before 19 years old was higher than that in the male. BMD in females decreased rapidly after 50 years of age both in Han and She nationality, and the decrease slowed down after 80 years of age. BMD in males of She nationality reached in a peak at 50 years of age, and started to decrease after 70 years of age. This differed from Han nationality whose peak BMD occurred before 40 years of age. However in general BMD in both male and female of Han nationality was higher than that in She nationality. Especially BMD in Han females before 19 years old was higher than that in She females, with statistical difference. Conclusion This investigation indicated that PBM occurred in different time in Han and She nationality. This might be due to the difference of livinghabit, ethnic, or living condition. People with high PBM had low incidence of OP, suggesting that the occurrence and development of OP could be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment.