大气CO_2浓度和氮肥水平对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

Effects of atmospheric CO_2 concentration eahancement and nitrogen application rate on wheat grain yield and quality

应用FACE平台,研究了不同氮肥水平下大气CO2浓度升高对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响.结果表明:大气CO2浓度升高(FACE)和增施氮肥显著提高了小麦籽粒产量、穗数、穗粒数和生物量.但FACE处理对收获指数无显著影响.FACE处理显著降低了籽粒蛋白质、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白、面筋含量和沉降值,显著提高了小麦籽粒淀粉及其组分含量,而氮肥处理具有相反的效应.面团稳定时间及峰值黏度、最终黏度、反弹值等黏度特征参数在FACE和高氮水平下显著增加.此外,CO2浓度与氮肥水平互作对小麦籽粒产量和生物量有显著的正效应,但对籽粒品质无显著影响.在未来大气CO2浓度升高的情况下,维持较高的施氮量有利于提高小麦籽粒产量,改善淀粉糊化特性,缓解小麦品质特性的下降.

FACE platform was applied to study the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on wheat grain yield and quality under two nitrogen（N） application rates.Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and applying N increased the grain yield,spike number,grain number per spike,and biomass significantly,but elevated CO2 concentration had no significant effects on harvest index（HI）.Under elevated CO2 concentration,there was a significant decrease in the protein,gliadin,gluteinin,and glutein contents of the grain and the sedimentation value of the flour,and a significant increase in the starch and its components contents of the grain;under N application,an inverse was observed.The dough stability time and the dough viscosity characteristics,such as peak viscosity,final viscosity,and setback value,increased significantly under elevated CO2 concentration and high N application rate.The interaction of atmospheric CO2 concentration and N application rate had significantly positive effects on wheat grain yield and biomass,but less effect on grain quality.Therefore,with elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration in the future,maintaining a higher N application level would benefit wheat grain yield and paste characteristics,and mitigate the decline of grain quality.