拮抗菌生物有机肥对番茄根结线虫的防治作用

Controlling effect of antagonist bioorganic fertilizer on tomato root-knot nematode

通过室内离体试验和温室盆钵试验,评价3株能够水解胶原蛋白的细菌XZ-173(解淀粉芽孢杆菌)、SL-25(吉氏芽孢杆菌)和KS-62(多粘类芽孢杆菌)对番茄根结线虫的防治能力.结果表明:XZ-173、SL-25、KS-62菌悬液对二龄幼虫(J2)的24 h致死率分别达到75.9%、66.7%和50.0%,处理7 d根结线虫虫卵孵化率分别为17.8%、28.9%和37.6%,而对照无菌水二龄幼虫死亡率和虫卵孵化率分别为17.4%和53.6%.在根结线虫发病土壤中施用以3种拮抗菌等比例混合发酵的生物有机肥,防治效果较好,与对照相比,根际土壤中根结线虫数减少84.0%,并且番茄植株根上的根结数和虫卵数显著减少,促进了作物地下部根系和地上部植株的生长.说明拮抗菌生物有机肥对防治根结线虫病害具有广阔的应用前景.

Indoor in vitro culture experiment and greenhouse pot experiment were conducted to evaluate the capabilities of three bacterial strains XZ-173（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）,SL-25（B.gibsonii）,and KS-62（Paenibacillus polymyxa） that can hydrolyze collagen protein in controlling tomato root-knot nematode.In the in vitro culture experiment,suspensions of XZ-173,SL-25,and KS-62 induced a mortality rate of 75.9%,66.7%,and 50.0% to the second-stage junior nematode within 24 h,and decreased the egg hatching rate to 17.8%,28.9% and 37.6% after 7-day incubation,respectively,in contrast to the 17.4% mortality rate and 53.6% egg hatching rate in the control（sterilized water）.In the greenhouse pot experiment,the bioorganic fertilizer mixed with equal parts of fermented XZ-173,SL-25,and KS-62 gained the best result,with the root-knot nematode population in rhizosphere soil decreased by 84.0% as compared with the control.The bioorganic fertilizer also decreased the numbers of galls and eggs on tomato roots significantly,and increased the underground and aboveground biomass of tomato.Therefore,antagonist bioorganic fertilizer has promising potential in controlling root-knot nematode.