1Nguyen H D, Tan Y H, Wong M Y. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the management of complex upper urinary tract calculi: the Singapore General Hospital experience[J]. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 2002, 31 (4) : 516-519.
3Basiri A, Najjaran Toussi V, Mohammadi Sichani M, et al. Spontaneous resolution of severe hemor- rhagic intrarenal pseudoaneurysm after percutaneous nephrolithotomy[J]. Urol J, 2010, 7(1): 10-11.
4Richstone L, Reggio E, Ost M C,et al. First Prize (tie) : Hemorrhage following percutaneous renal sur- gery: characterization of angiographie findings[J]. J Endourol, 2008, 22(6): 1129-1135.
5Tomaszewski J J, Smaldone M C, Schuster T,et al. Factors affecting blood loss during percutaneous nephrolithotomy using balloon dilation in a large con- temporary series[J]. J Endourol, 2010, 24(2): 207 -211.
6El-Nahas A R, Shokeir A A, El-Assmy A M,et al. Post-percutaneous nephrolithotomy extensive hemor- rhage: a study of risk factors[J]. J Urol, 2007, 177 (2) : 576-579.
7Turna B, Nazli O, Demiryoguran S,et al. Percutane- ous nephrolithotomy: variables that influence hemor- rhage[J]. Urology, 2007, 69(4): 603-607.
9Lu M H, Pu X Y, Gao X,et al. A comparative study of clinical value of single B-mode ultrasound guidance and B-mode combined with color doppler ultrasound guidance in mini-invasive percutaneous nephrolithoto- my to decrease hemorrhagic complications[J]. Urolo- gy, 2010, 76(4): 815-820.
10Ost M C, Okeke Z, Vander Brink B A,et al. lotally bloodless percutaneous renal surgery[J]. J Endourol, 2008, 22(10): 2241-2244.
10Kim se,tinmouth ww,kuo rl,et al.using and choosing a nephrostomy tube after percutaneous nephrolithotomy for Iarge Or complex stone disease:a treatment strategy[J].J endourol,2005,19(3):348-352.
10Margel D, Lifshitz DA, Kugel V, et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients who previously underwent open nephrolithotomy[J].J Endourol,2005,19(10): 1161-1164.
