microRNA--新的髓系白血病致病因子及临床标志物

MicroRNAs:New Pathogenic Factors and Clinical Markers in Myeloid Leukemia

微RNA(MicroRNA,miRNA)是一类长18～25 nt的非编码RNA,主要通过与靶基因mRNA3′UTR上的互补区域结合后在转录后水平(RNA切割或翻译抑制)负性调控靶基因的表达.现已发现,miRNA参与了多种正常细胞过程以及肿瘤发生的调控.miRNA也在造血链系分化和相关白血病中发挥重要作用.急性髓系白血病(AML)是一种涉及多种遗传学变异的造血恶性肿瘤,在中国的髓系白血病中发病率最高.在不同遗传学特征的AML中,miRNAs具有差异表达谱,这种差异表达谱可作为AML临床诊断和预后的依据.一些在白血病中表达异常的miRNAs的致癌作用机制已被阐明,今后有望开发针对这些miRNAs的药物,从而为白血病的治疗提供新的靶点.

MicroRNAs（miRNAs） are a family of small non-coding RNAs of 18 ～ 25 nucleotides that interact with the 3′ UTR of targeted native coding mRNAs to reduce their cleavage or translation repression,thus to negatively regulate the expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level.It had been demonstrated that miRNAs were extensively involved in many cell activity and cancer pathogenesis,including several aspects that play an important functions in the differentiation of hematopoietic lineage and related to leukemia.Acute myeloid leukemia（AML） is a heterogeneous type of genetically diverse hematopoietic malignancies with the highest morbidity in China among all types of myeloid leukemia.Aberrant microRNAs expression were observed in various genetic subtypes of AMLs,and could be used as markers for leukemia diagnosis or prognosis.The function of certain microRNAs in normal lineage development has been explored,meanwhile the abnormally expressed microRNAs in myeloid leukemia have been shown to functionally relevant to leukemogenesis.Hence,developing targeting medicine of specific miRNAs is promising as a novel approach for myeloid leukemia therapy.