致使合成词的类型及致使语义要素的呈现与成分凝固度

Types of Causative Compounds and the Presentation of Causative Semantic Parameters and the Compactness of Constituents

本文穷尽性地检索出《现代汉语常用词表(草案)》所收的578个双音致使合成词,以致使义的获得方式为分类视点,在词汇/词法层面对致使合成词进行全面梳理,将其分为五种类型:转类型、动宾型(X+N役事)、动结型(X+Y结)、使令成分型和"-化"缀型。深入观察可以发现,完整的致使语义结构所需的致事、致使方式、役事和致使结果四个语义要素不可能全部显化于合成词表层,而五类致使合成词对四个语义要素的呈现也形成了高、中、低三级梯度。而且,这个梯度又与构词成分的凝固度形成了反向关联。本研究显示,特定语义范畴内合成词/复合词的形式与意义、词义与词法的关联性和对应性是个值得深入探讨的问题。

Based on the exhaustive investigation of causative compounds in Lexicon of Common Words in Contemporary Chinese, this paper classifies five types of causative compounds from the perspective of obtaining causative meaning the first time. It is also discussed that four causative se- mantic parameters related to causer, causative behavior, causee and causative result could not all appear in a compound word, and the presentation of causative semantic parameters in five types of causative compounds has formed a high-medium-low sequence. Moreover, the sequence has some inverse interrelation to the compactness of constituents of causative compounds.