话语标记“谁知”的共时与历时考察

Synchronic and Diachronic Investigations of the Discourse Marker "Sheizhi(谁知)"

"谁知"从上古的反问用法经过中古的"反问+感叹"用法和陈述用法,到唐代演化为反预期的话语标记。宋元时期,话语标记的用法臻于成熟,语义也发生了相应的变化:没有人知道——谁曾料想到、谁也没想到——不曾料到——不料,演变条件为:以陈述性小句做宾语;表述的感叹化、陈述化;指称的虚无化。

The discourse marker ＂sheizhi（ 谁知 ）＂ evolved from its rhetorical question use in ancient times, its uses of the form of ＂rhetorical question ＋ exclamation＂ and statement in the mid- dle ancient times to an discourse marker of anti-anticipation in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, its uses as an utterance marker became matured. Its semantic meaning changed correspondingly： no one knows -- who ever expected？ -- no one ever thought of- no one expected -- unexpectedly. The conditions of the evolution are： to be the object in clauses of statement, to show exclamation and statement and to show emptiness of nominatum.