菊苣根乙醇提取工艺优化及除草活性测定　

The global optimization of the ethanol extracts from Cichorium intybus root and its herbicidal activity

利用L16(43×26)混合正交考察乙醇体积分数、料液比、浸泡时间、浸泡重复次数、超声温度、超声时间、超声输入功率和超声重复次数8个因素对菊苣(Cichoriumintybus)根提取率的影响;以稗草(Echinochloa crusgali)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)为研究对象测定菊苣根提取物的除草活性。8个提取因素对提取率影响均显著(P<0.05),其优化组合为乙醇体积分数0、料液比1∶8、超声温度65℃、浸泡24 h、浸泡2次、超声30 min、超声输入功率400 W和超声2次;因素重要性按递减顺序是乙醇体积分数,浸泡重复次数,超声输入功率,浸泡时间,超声重复次数,超声温度,料液比、超声时间。菊苣根粗提物的16种处理对稗草和反枝苋均有除草功能,且抑制作用显著(P<0.05);与2,4-二氯基苯氧酸(1 g/L)阳性对照组比较,部分处理组有等效功能(P>0.05)。L16(43×26)混合正交准确优化了8个因素且得出重要性次序,菊苣根粗提物有开发植物源除草剂的潜力。

In order to observe influences of the eight factors, including ethanol content, ratio of solid-tosolvent, impregnating time and replications, ultrasonic temperature and time, input power, and ultrasonic replications, on Chicory root （Cichoriurn intybus） extractive rate, L16 （4^3×2^6） mixed orthogonal design was applied in the study. To determine herbicidal activity of Chicory root extracts, Echinochloa crusgalli and Amaranthus retroflexus seeds were geminated in different concentrations of aqueous extracts of Chicory roots. Results of the study revealed that the eight factors influenced the extracting process （P〈0.05） significantly. The optimal conditions of the extracting process consisted of that zero of ethanol content, 1 ： 8 of the ratio of solid-to-solvent, 65℃ of ultrasonic temperature, 24 h of impregnating time, 2 times of impregnating replications, 30 min of ultrasonic time, 400 W of ultrasonic input power and 2 times of ultrasonic replications. Besides, the importance of the eight factors were displayed with gradual decrease as ethanol content, impregnating replications, ultrasonic input power, ultrasonic temperature, ultrasonic replications, the ratio of solid-to-solvent, impregnating time and ultrasonic time. The effect of sixteen treat- ments of Chicory root crude extracts on E. crusgalli and A. retroflexus seed gemination proved that the Chicory root extracts had herbicidal activity and the inhibitory activity was significant （P〈0. 05）. Compared with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid of positive control, some treatments had equivalent function （P〉0. 05）. The present study demonstrates that the eight factors have been optimized by L16（4^3×2^6） mixed orthogonal design accurately and selected by the orders according to their importance. Moreover, Chicory root crude extracts can be future potential as botanical herbicides.