2010年西南特大干旱及典型场次旱灾对比分析

Comparative analysis between the 2010 severe drought in southwest China and typical drought disasters

2009年10月—2010年4月,我国西南地区遭受了秋冬春三季连旱,耕地受旱面积、受灾人口和农村饮水困难情况都达到了近10年来该地区的最高水平,受灾率和成灾率均为1943年以来的最大值。通过历史场次旱灾对比分析发现,西南干旱并非偶然发生的现象,1951—1990年该地区同时发生干旱的次数为12次,且有缓慢加重的趋势。以云南为例,本次灾害与1963年旱灾在时空分布、灾害成因和灾情方面较为相似。这些研究成果对于认清西南地区干旱特性与旱灾的时空分布和演变规律,加强抗旱减灾体系建设以及政策的制定等,都具有重要的参考价值。

A prolonged drought hit southwest China from October 2009 to April 2010 encompassing autunm, winter and spring three seasons, making it the severest in the last decade for that region in terms of the area of scorched farmland, suffering population and difficulty of drinking water supply in rural areas, and the most serious since 1943 in terms of percentages of disaster stricken areas and droughts turning into disasters. Comparative analyses of droughts in history show that the severe drought in 2010 is by no means accidental. From 1951 to 1990, droughts had hit this region for 12 times, with a slow trend of escalation. This drought in Yunnan Province is similar to that in 1963 in terms of temporal and spatial distributions, cause and loss. Achievements of this study serve as reference for understanding the characteristics, distributions and evolution patterns of droughts in southwest China, establishing drought combating and disaster mitigation system, and formulating policies.