南京国民政府时期的县自治与乡村治理运动及其失败

The Movements of County Self-government and Countryside Controlling of Guomintang Government and Its Failure

国民政府在县以下的基层统治组织空疏,权力分散,财政拮据。20世纪30年代初,为了巩固自己的统治,国民党在"剿匪区"开始推行保甲制。不仅县财政改革,而且从实践层面上看,新县制下的乡镇组织完全充当了国家的行政工具。南京政府企图以此来限制土豪劣绅的权力膨胀,加强政府对乡村社区的渗透,从而使地方行政权力步入实现现代化的官僚制的轨道,但这种制度合法性的强化以失败而告终。

The County government of Guomintang＇s organization was separate, absented power and poor money provided for , but began the system of Baojia for consolidate its control in the districts of copelling the bandits, therefore systems of Baojia completely acted as the tools of country＇s civil office. Kuomintang tried to the power of bad gentry and controlled the countryside , but this design of modernization to the civil office failed, because it was obliged in the end.