碱法一步提取鲜山药中多种水溶性成分的工艺研究

Optimization of technology for simultaneous extration of water-soluble components from fresh yam with alkaline medium

为了富集山药中多种水溶性成分,采用碱法一步提取鲜山药中多种水溶性成分,通过测定所得提取物中多种水溶性成分的含量评价提取效果。以蛋白质提取率为指标,考察了料液比(g/mL)、pH、浸提时间和浸提温度对山药蛋白质提取率的影响,通过正交实验确定碱法提取山药蛋白质的最优工艺条件为:料液比1∶10,pH9.0,浸提时间150min,浸提温度45℃。实验结果表明,在最佳提取条件时,所得山药蛋白质的提取率为69.01%,提取物得率为6.90%。山药糖蛋白、多糖、皂苷以及脂肪酸的提取率分别为59.43%,71.85%,54.55%和16.70%。由此推断,碱法提取工艺对山药中多种化学成分均起到较好的富集作用。

Aiming to discuss the technology of simultaneous extracting multi-chemical components from yam under mild alkaline condition,the technological condition was confirmed by observing the index of the extraction rate of yam protein.The optimal condition was achieved as follow：the ratio of material to solvents was 1∶10（g/mL）,extracting 150min at pH9.0 under 45℃.Under the above conditions,the yield of the extract obtained was 6.90%,and the extraction rate of yam protein was 69.01%.The quantitative analysis showed that many chemical components could be extracted simultaneously using alkali method,the extraction rate of glycoprotein,polysaccharide,saponin and fatty acid reached 59.43%,71.85%,54.55% and 16.70%,respectively.Therefore,the above extraction technology could enrich varied water-soluble components of fresh-yam.