麻枫仁饼粕对肉鸡生长性能和组织损伤的影响

Effects of Jatropha Curcas Kernel Meal on Growth Performance and Tissue lesion of Broilers

研究了脱毒麻枫仁粕、未脱毒麻枫仁饼替代基础日粮中50%豆粕蛋白质时,对肉鸡生长性能和组织损伤的影响,为合理利用麻枫籽榨油后的副产物麻枫仁饼粕提供试验依据。试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,设3个处理组。结果：未脱毒麻枫仁饼、脱毒麻枫仁粕的佛波酯含量分别为1.774 mg/g和0.554 mg/g;采食未脱毒麻枫仁饼的肉鸡生产性能下降,肝脏、肾脏、肺和胃损伤,在15 d全部内死亡,0~7 d佛波酯摄入量为727 mg/kg;对照组（0~21 d和22~42 d,1.11和0%）和脱毒麻枫仁粕组死亡率（0~21 d和22~42 d,4.44%和0%）无显著差异;对照组较脱毒麻枫仁粕组肉鸡的体增重更好（0~21 d和22~42d,670.1和538.9 g;1 625.4和1 502.0g,P〈0.01）;平均阶段采食量更高（0~21 d和22~42 d,1 034和935.1 gP〈0.01;3 124.4和2 916.4gP〈0.05）;料重比更低（0~21 d和22~42 d,1.55和1.74P〈0.01;1.92和1.94P〈0.05）;脱毒麻枫仁粕对肉鸡的内脏器官仍有损伤,佛波酯摄入量在0~7 d、0~21 d、22~42 d和0~42 d分别为221、306、184和489.9 mg/kg体重。表明：未脱毒的麻枫仁饼不能直接饲喂肉鸡;脱毒的麻枫仁粕为潜在的蛋白质饲料资源,而适宜的添加剂量和脱毒工艺有待进一步研究。

This experiment was to study the effects of detoxified and non-detoxified Jatropha curcas kernel meal（D-JCKM and ND-JCKM） to substitute 50% crude protein in basal diet on the performance and tissue lesion of male Avain broilers.The content of phorbol esters in D-JCKM and ND-JCKM was 1.774mg/g and 0.554mg/g respectively;broilers fed with ND-JCKM had a decrease in the growth performance,pathological lesion in liver,kidney,lung and stomach happened,and all broilers were dead in 15 days old.The content of phorbol esters intaken in 0~7d was 727mg/kg.There was no significance in mortality between the control（0~21d,22~42d,1.11 0%） and the D-JCKM（0~21d,22~42 d,4.44% 0%）.Those fed the control diet had a higher BWG（670.1 538.9g,1625.4 1502.0g P0.01）,and FI（1034 935.1 P0.01,3124.4 2916.4g P0.05） than those fed the D-JCKM at d1~21 and d22~42,but a lower F/G（1.55 1.74 P0.01,1.92 1.94,P0.05） at d1~21.The pathological phenomenon was found in broilers fed D-JCKM.The content of phorbol esters intaken in 0~7d,0~21d,22~42d and 0~42d was 221,306,184 and 489.9 mg/kg respectively.The results showed that the ND-JCKM could not be used to feed broilers directly;D-JCKM was a potential protein feed source,but the suitable quantity to substitute traditional protein source needed being discussed,and the technology of detoxification needed further development.