天童森林生态系统凋落物层跳虫群落的生态学研究

Ecological distribution of collembola in the litter of Tiantong forest ecosystems,Zhejiang

为了解浙江天童森林生态系统凋落物层跳虫群落的生态特征,于2009年12月至2010年9月对天童常绿阔叶林演替系列固定样地灌丛、马尾松林、木荷林、栲树林凋落物层的跳虫群落,按新鲜凋落物层、腐叶层和腐殖土层进行了详细的四季调查研究。共获跳虫标本15 108个,分别隶属于4目,14科其中优势类群为等节虫兆科Isotomidae、棘虫兆科Onychiuridae和长角虫兆科Entomobryidae,三者共占总数的78.35%。对调查结果的分析表明:(1)4种林型凋落物层跳虫群落随植物群落的演替而发生明显的变化,个体总数和多样性指数均在演替初期较低,中后期较高;(2)跳虫的类群数和个体数量在凋落物中呈现垂直分布现象,总体表现为向下递增的趋势,大量的跳虫个体集中分布在中间腐叶层和底部腐殖土层,分别占总数的33.94%和55.99%;(3)跳虫数量的季节变化为:秋季>夏季>春季>冬季。

To understand the ecological distribution of collembola in different habitats of Zhejiang Tiantong forest ecosystems,we investigated the collembolan community in different layers of four forest types,from September 2009 until December 2010.Forestlitterlayer can be divided into fresh litter layer（L）,fermentation layer（F） and humus layer（H）,which represent different litter decomposition stages.We sampled 15 108 Collembolas which belong to 4 Orders and 14 families.The dominant families are Isotomidae、Onychiuridae and Entomobryidae,accounting for 78.35%.The results of the investigation indicated that,① There were significant difference for cmposition of Collembola community in different forest types.The total number and diversity index of Collembola communitie were both biggest at the climax,and smallest at the primary succession stage.②There was a distinctive ver-tical distribution of collembola communities in the forest litter layer.The richness and density of the collembola in the litter layer generally tended to increase from top fresh litter layer to bottom humus layer.Most of individuals were found in the fermentation layer and bottom layer,accounting for 33.94% and 55.99%.③ The number of Collembola community changed in the order：au-tumnsummerspringwinter.