陕西猕猴桃主产区眉县果园土壤养分分析

Investigation of orchard nutrients in the major kiwi production region of Meixian of Shaanxi Province

【目的】全面了解陕西眉县猕猴桃果园土壤的管理水平,为生产提供合理的施肥依据。【方法】2008年冬季,对眉县422个果园土壤0～60cm土层样品采用十字交叉法取样,风干处理后对养分进行分析。【结果】全县猕猴桃园土壤速效氮含量最大值为169.5mg/kg,最小值6.07mg/kg,平均为23.08mg/kg,不及猕猴桃要求最低水平的20%;速效磷含量最大值205.4mg/kg,最小值4.5mg/kg,多数果园为中等水平,平均50.3mg/kg;速效钾含量最大值953.0mg/kg,最小值86.9mg/kg,平均389.5mg/kg,全部超过了最适范围;速效铁含量为0.351～26.251mg/kg,平均5.483mg/kg,普遍较低;有机质含量为8.18～34.34g/kg,普遍较高,平均水平接近17g/kg。【结论】建议在今后的施肥过程中增加氮肥的施用量,控制钾肥的施用量,维持或适量增加磷肥的施用量;结合具体果园的叶片症状,对有黄化现象的果园,应追施铁肥,继续加大对有机肥的投入,改善土壤环境;村与村及户与户果园之间土壤养分差异较大,土壤总体营养水平以上第二坡村和下第二坡村较高,青化村最低。

【Objective】 The study was done to know soil nutrients state of orchards in Meixian region so that to give a reliable suggestion.【Method】 Nutrients of 422 orchards soil in the major kiwi production region of Meixian,Shaanxi Province were sampled by cross method at 0-60 cm deep and analyzed after winded in the winter of 2008.【Result】 The results showed that the quick-release nitrogen in the kiwi orchard was between 169.5 and 6.07 mg/kg,averaging 23.08 mg/kg,which was 20% lower than that of the lowest level required for kiwi plants.The quick-release phosphor was between 205.4 and 4.5 mg/kg,averaging 50.3 mg/kg,most of which was in the middle level.The quick-release potassium was between 953.0 and 86.9 mg/kg,averaging 389.5 mg/kg,which was higher than that of the requirement.The quick-release iron was between 0.351 and 26.251 mg/kg,which was lower than that of the requirement.The organic contents were between 8.18-34.34 g/kg,averaging 17 g/kg,which was suitable for the kiwi production.【Conclusion】 Fertilization of nitrogen should be strengthened,phosphor maintained,and potassium controlled.Efficient iron and organic fertilizers should be added into the orchards.Nutrients differed among the villages,the highest ones being the villages of Shangdierpo Village and Xiadierpo Village,and the lowest one the village of Qinghua Village.