推广使用无铅汽油对儿童血铅水平影响的研究

Children's Blood Lead Levels before and after Introducing Lead-free Gasoline in Shanghai

于１９９７年７月～９月在上海市５个区县３０所幼托机构对１９７２名１～６岁儿童进行了血铅水平抽样调查，然后于上海地区推广使用无铅汽油半年后的１９９８年４～６月对相应人群进行血铅水平复查。结果发现，上海市儿童血铅水平几何均数由实行汽油无铅化前的８３μｇ／Ｌ，下降到１９９８年的８０μｇ／Ｌ，差异显著（Ｐ＜００５）。超过儿童铅中毒诊断标准（１００μｇ／Ｌ）的比例也由１９９７年的３７８％下降到２５７％。研究表明，推广使用无铅汽油可降低儿童的血铅水平。研究结果将为政府决策提供科学依据，必将推动我国汽油无铅化的进程。

The blood lead levels of 1972 children from 5 districts in Shanghai were investigated before introducing lead free gasoline in Shanghai.The blood lead levels of those children were re-determined 6 months later during April to June in 1998.The results showed that the geometric mean of blood lead levels decreased significantly from 83 μg/L to 80 μg/L.The prevalence rate of childhood lead poisoning(blood lead level was equal or more than 100 μg/L)was down from 37 8% to 25 7%.It concluded that introducing lead free gasoline was helpful to decrease children's blood lead levels in Shanghai.