伏羲女娲形象流变考

An Exploration of the Transformation in Fuxi and Nüwa's Images

在三皇系统当中,地位最稳固的是伏羲以及稍后跻身其中的女娲,从开始出现到最终被司马迁排除在信史范畴之外并彻底神祇化,以二氏结合化生人类缔造出一部中国人的"创世纪",其信仰是上古精神生活的滥觞。本文试图通过文献材料、考古资料来研究伏羲女娲形象的流变,展现伏羲女娲形象从各自独立到形成对偶神以后统一为人首蛇身,再到宋代完全人化后又渐渐趋于独立的过程,揭示其间经历的曲折变化委婉以及其变化发展的内在规律。

Among the three sage 'kings',Fuxi and Nüwa who ascended to one of the three sage 'kings' later have the most widely acknowledged standing.Ruled out of the authentic historical figures by Sima Qian,Fuxi and Nüwa have gradually underdone a total deification.The legends about them,in which they copulated and reproduced human beings,become the 'Chinese Genesis' and the fountainhead of the spiritual life in the middle ancient times.This thesis,employing iconographical methods,intends to make an exploration of the transformation in Fuxi and Nüwa's images on the basis of 'triple proofs',i.e.anthropological information collected during fieldwork,historical evidences found in verifiable documents and,moreover,tangible materials discovered in archaeological studies.Meanwhile,this thesis aims to clearly illustrate different stages of the transformation in Fuxi and Nüwa's images-from their separate and distinctive images to an integrated whole with a human head and a snake's body,and later to their images that were gradually becoming independent after they were fully humanized in Song Dynasty-and to reveal the inherent laws lying behind the transformation.