3种无尾两栖类肾形态结构及其对环境的适应性

The Micro-and Ultra-structural Characteristics of Kidneys in Three Anurans and Their Adaptation to the Habitats

从显微和亚显微结构以及酸性磷酸酶组织化学等方面,比较研究了史氏蟾蜍(Bufo stejnegeri)、黑斑侧褶蛙(Pelophylax nigromaculata)和中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)肾实质,尤其是肾单位的结构特点。3种动物在非繁殖期活动于不同的生境类型,黑斑侧褶蛙属于水生类型,而史氏蟾蜍和中国林蛙属于偏陆栖类型。结果表明,3种动物在肾小体的分布格局、肾单位的数量、肾小管的长度、肾小球相对滤过面积、近端小管和远端小管基底面质膜迷路及质膜内褶等方面均存在着显著的差别。史氏蟾蜍肾具有最大的滤过和重吸收能力。说明3种无尾两栖类肾的形态结构多样性和特点是由于长期适应不同生境所造成。

The structural characteristics of the kidney,especially the nephron of three anurans（Rana chensinensis,Pelophylax nigromaculata and Bufo stejnegeri） were comparatively observed by electron microscopy,light microscopy with H.E and Toluidine blue staining,and Acid phosphatase histochemical method.The three anurans live in different habitats,such as P.nigromaculata in pond（water type） and B.stejnegeri and R.chensinensis in wetland or hills（terrestrial type） after reproductive period.Obvious differences in distributing patterns of renal corpuscle,number of nephrons,length of renal tubules,the glomerulus filtrate areas,the plasma membrane infolding of proximal tubule and distal tubule were observed among these anurans.The kidney of B.stejnegeri had the strongest activity in the functions of filtration and re-absorption.This study indicates that the diversity and characteristics of kidney structures are resulted from the adaptation to their different life habitats.