PTEN在胃癌中的研究进展

Role of PTEN in gastric carcinogenesis

第10号染色体同源缺失性磷酸酶-张力蛋白基因(phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)是继p53之后发现的另一重要的抑癌基因,其编码的蛋白质可调控多种细胞信号转导通路或功能分子,构成一个复杂的网络系统,在调控细胞增殖与凋亡、迁移与黏附和遗传稳定等方面发挥重要作用.目前研究发现人类许多肿瘤均存在PTEN的失活,PTEN失活也与这些肿瘤的发生、发展有关.近年来,人们对PTEN在胃癌中的作用也进行了大量的研究,发现PTEN失活在胃癌中亦是一个多发事件,其表达下降与胃癌的发生、发展、预后都有着密切的关系,有助于我们理解胃癌发生、发展的机制,也为早期诊断和基因治疗提供了新的思路.

The PTEN（phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten） gene is another important tumor suppressor gene found after p53 gene,and its encoded protein is involved in cellular differentiation,reproduction and apoptosis,as well as cellular adhesion and mobility,and genetic stability that is often lost in various human cancers.Recently,some studies have indicated that down-regulation of PTEN protein expression due to genetic or epigenetic changes,like mutation,loss of heterozygosity（LOH） and promoter hypermethylation,participates in gastric carcinogenesis.These studies could help us understand the pathogenesis of gastric cancer（GC）,and show us a new molecular marker that could be used to evaluate TNM stage,histological type,or differentiation grade of GC biopsies,and GC treatment.In this article,we will focus on the functions of PTEN,the mechanisms of its inactivation in GC,and the important role of its inactivation in the development and prognosis of GC.