喀斯特生境中猕猴的活动节律和时间分配

Activity Patterns and Time Budgets of the Rhesus Macaque in Karst Habitat

2006年9月至2007年8月,在广西弄岗国家级自然保护区选择一群猕猴(Macaca mulatta)作为观察对象,采用瞬时扫描取样法收集相关的行为数据,以日活动节律和活动时间分配为切入点,探讨猕猴对喀斯特石山生境的行为适应策略。结果表明,猕猴的日活动节律表现为上午和下午的觅食高峰,中午进入长时间的休息期。这可能与白天的温度和日照强度的变化有关。猕猴一天中有37.3%的时间觅食,29.6%的时间用于休息,25.2%的时间用于移动,5.5%的时间用于玩耍,2.2%的时间用于理毛,其他行为的花费时间仅占0.2%。它们的活动时间分配表现出季节性变化。与旱季相比,雨季里猕猴明显花费更多的时间用于玩耍。分析表明,猕猴每月用于玩耍的时间分配与果实在食物中所占的比例存在显著正相关。不同性别组的活动时间分配也表现出明显差异,主要表现为成年雄猴花费更多的时间移动,而成年雌猴花费更多的时间理毛。

Data on activity patterns and time budgets were collected from one Thesus Macaques（Macaca mulatta） in Nonggang Nature Reserve via instantaneous scan sampling to explore their behavioral adaptation to the Karst habitat from September 2006 to August 2007.Our results indicated： the diurnal activity pattern of rhesus macaques showed morning and afternoon feeding peaks,with a midday resting peak,which represents an adaptation to the changes of diurnal temperature and sunlight.Macaques spent ca.37.3% of their daytime feeding,29.6% resting,25.2% moving,5.5% playing,2.2% grooming,and 0.2% for other behaviors.Their time budgets varied seasonally： the macaques spent more time playing in the rainy season than in the dryseason.There was significant and positive correlation between the monthly percentages of time spent on playing and the monthly proportion of fruits in the diet.They also differed among different sex classes： adult males spent more time moving,whereas adult females devoted more time to grooming.